ABSTRACT
Purpose: Pregnancy?induced hypertension is a multisystem disorder that occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy usually in primigravidas and is characterised by proteinuria, pedal edema, hypertension, and abnormal liver and kidney function tests. Since there exists a close relationship between retinal, cerebral, and renal vessels, fundoscopy gives the opportunity of observing the changes in the vascular tree. Methods: We conducted a study on 203 pregnant females over a period of 1.5 years in the rural population of North India. We recorded the baseline data from the patient files, including the biochemical investigations, and conducted a fundoscopic examination of all patients included in the study, and correlation of various variables was established. Results: Out of 203 patients (403 eyes), 60% were primigravidas of mean age 25.71 ± 4.46 years with the mean duration of pregnancy being 36 weeks. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were160 and 101 mmHg, respectively. There was no significant correlation was seen of proteinuria with eclampsia and the fundus findings. But there was a significant correlation between proteinuria and pedal edema and between the fundus findings and deranged LFT and KFT values. Relationship between the variables was calculated by using Chi?square and Fisher’s exact test. A P value < 0.05 was taken as significant. Conclusion: Hypertension in pregnancy is the major concern of public health issue worldwide. With proper understanding of the correlating factors such as fundus changes which are directly correlated with whole bo dy vascular changes, which might affect the fetal growth, we can easily predict the outcome and can take appropriate actions as early as possible
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Biofertilizers have become an effective, eco-friendly and low cost alternative to chemical fertilizers. Process engineering and cost models for a biofertilizer plant with a production capacity of 44 tons of liquid biofertilizer per year (568 kg/batch) were developed. The models were obtained using process simulator (SuperPro Designer®), version 8.5 (Intelligen, 2012), while the 3D conceptual design and layout of the biofertilizer plant was developed with (OptiPlant®) software (ASD Global, 201 5). The total capital investment required to erect the plant is $ 3 975 000, the unit production cost of one 1.5 L bottle of liquid biofertilizer is $ 24.009, while the economic indicators Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) had values of $ 716 000 and 2.55%, respectively. Also, the total revenues are $ 985 000/year, the Return on Investment (ROI) is 14.93 %, and the payback time is 6.70 years.
RESUMEN Los biofertilizantes se han convertido en una alternativa de bajo costo, efectiva y amigable con el medio ambiente en comparación con los fertilizantes químicos. En el presente trabajo se desarrollaron los modelos de ingeniería de proceso y costo de una planta de biofertilizantes líquidos con una capacidad de 44 toneladas por año (568 kg/lote). Los modelos fueron obtenidos empleando el simulador de procesos SuperPro Designer® versión 8.5 (Intelligen, 2012), mientras que el diseño conceptual en 3D y dimensionamiento de la planta se desarrolló mediante el software OptiPlant (ASD Global, 2015). Se requiere una inversión total de USD $ 3 975 000 para erigir la planta, el costo de producción unitario de una botella de 1,5 L de biofertilizantes líquido es de USD $ 24,009, mientras que los indicadores económicos Valor Actual Neto (VAN) y Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) tuvieron valores de USD $ 716 000 y 2,55 %, respectivamente. También se obtienen ganancias totales de USD $ 985 000/año y un valor del Período de Retorno de la Inversión de 6,70 años.
ABSTRACT
Ichthyosiform dermatoses are a group of hereditary disorders characterized by dryness and roughness of the skin with excessive accumulation of epidermal scales. Four main types of Ichthyosis are Ichthyosis vulgaris, x-linked recessive, lamellar ichthyosis and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Lamellar ichthyosis is the rarest form with an incidence of 1 in 3, 00,000. It has autosomal recessive inheritance. Ocular manifestations include exposure keratitis secondary to ectropion, unilateral megalocornea, and enlarged corneal nerve, and blepharitis, absence of the meibomian gland, trichiasis, madarosis and absence of lacrimal puncta. Ectropion of both upper and lower lids have been documented. We are reporting a rare case of lamellar ichthyosis with bilateral upper eyelid ectropion in a child.